Geophysics major

Geophysics: courses, careers, and where to study

Geophysics applies physics and math to probe the Earth's interior, suiting students who like physical science but want to measure and model the planet itself.

A Geophysics major treats the planet as a physical body and uses the tools of physics to look inside it. Students study how seismic waves travel through rock, how gravity and magnetic fields vary across the surface, how heat moves through the interior, and how plates shift and deform over time. Coursework blends physics, calculus and differential equations, and the earth sciences, then layers on the measurement and signal-processing skills needed to turn field readings into a picture of structures you cannot see. This is where geophysics differs from much of geology, which often leans on field observation and the chemistry and history of rocks: geophysics is the quantitative, instrument-driven cousin focused on forces, waves, and fields.

Most programs are lab- and field-intensive, with required courses in seismology, gravity and magnetics, and remote sensing alongside a capstone or field-methods project where students collect and interpret their own subsurface data. Some roles, especially those tied to surveying, mapping, or signing off on subsurface work, can carry state licensure or professional-registration requirements that vary by employer and should be verified locally; certain technical positions and research tracks expect a graduate degree. Graduates work in energy and mineral exploration, groundwater and environmental consulting, earthquake and volcano monitoring, government earth-science agencies, instrument and software firms, and university research.

In federal data for the closely related occupation of geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a 2024 median wage of $99,240 and projects employment to grow about 3.2% from 2024 to 2034; a bachelor's degree is the typical entry-level education for that occupation. National figures are occupation-wide medians across all experience levels, not starting wages or graduate outcomes.