Biology major

Biology: courses, careers, and where to study

Biology is the foundational pre-health major, covering molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological levels of living systems.

Nationally, bachelor's graduates in Biology earn a median $57,214 four years after graduating; the middle half of programs ranges from $38,929 to $79,199 (2017-19 graduates, measured 2022-23, College Scorecard). By credential and college

A Biology major covers cellular and molecular biology, genetics, organismal biology, ecology, evolution, and physiology. Programs require a strong chemistry sequence (general and organic), physics, and calculus. Many BS-track programs require additional biochemistry and statistics. Common concentrations include Cell & Molecular, Ecology & Evolution, Marine, Microbiology, and Biotechnology.

Biology is the most common pre-medical major and a strong feeder into PhD programs in biological sciences. Graduates work in research labs, biotech, pharmaceutical, environmental, and clinical fields.

Academic classification (CIP)

In the federal Classification of Instructional Programs, Biology maps to CIP 26.0101, Biology/Biological Sciences, General, within the BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES family. The official definition:

A general program of biology at the introductory, basic level or a program in biology or the biological sciences that is undifferentiated as to title or content. Includes instruction in general biology and programs covering a variety of biological specializations.

Source: U.S. Department of Education (NCES), Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2020. View on nces.ed.gov

What credential Biology is awarded as

Of the 90,054 Biology credentials U.S. colleges reported conferring in 2024-25:

  • Certificate: <1%, 580 credentials.
  • Associate: 9%, 8,535 credentials.
  • Bachelor's: 85%, 76,119 credentials.
  • Graduate: 5%, 4,820 credentials.

This mix is fairly consistent nationally: across the 51 states reporting it, the certificate share moves by about 1 percentage points between the 10th and 90th percentile state, so the credential is more a property of the field than of where you study it. See the full study.

Credentials conferred in 2024-25, U.S. Department of Education IPEDS completions. A certificate is a different credential from a degree, not a lesser one, and this counts what was awarded rather than what a college currently offers.

What you'll study

  • General biology, cell, and molecular biology
  • Genetics
  • Ecology and evolution
  • Anatomy and physiology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Lab techniques (PCR, gel electrophoresis, microscopy, sequencing)
  • Senior research project

Typical careers

Typical salary range: $48,000–$72,000 early-career (varies; PhD significantly higher)Ranges are early-career estimates. Any BLS figure shown is the occupation-wide median across all experience levels, not a starting wage, and is informational only.

How much do Biology graduates earn?

Nationally, bachelor's graduates in Biology earn a median $57,214 four years after graduating; the middle half of programs ranges from $38,929 to $79,199 (2017-19 graduates, measured 2022-23, College Scorecard).

National median earnings four years after graduating for Biology, by credential
CredentialNational medianMiddle half of programs
Bachelor's$57,214$38,929 to $79,199
Associate's$44,758$27,517 to $65,127
Undergraduate certificate$52,278$30,693 to $69,671
Master's$69,830$50,928 to $96,355
Doctoral$92,983$66,390 to $139,917

Compare Biology programs in your state

Highest-earning bachelor's Biology programs

Ordered by median earnings: one federal measure, not a ranking of program quality. Federal program group: Biology, General. Earnings: graduates of 2017-18 and 2018-19, earnings measured in 2022 and 2023, in 2024 dollars, for graduates who received federal aid, worked and were not enrolled. Programs need at least 30 graduates in the earnings cohort to be listed; multi-state systems whose figures pool campuses are not listed. Source: U.S. Department of Education, College Scorecard, 10 June 2026. How much the college matters, by major. Graduate programs over the new federal loan caps.

Related occupations

Occupations the federal CIP–SOC crosswalk associates with Biology, with what each one pays and how many openings it is projected to average each year. Ordered by projected annual openings, largest first. Linked titles open the full CampusPin career page.

Occupations associated with Biology by the federal CIP–SOC crosswalk, with median annual wage, projected annual openings, projected employment change, and the education most entrants typically hold.
OccupationMedian payOpenings / yrProjected changeMost entrants hold
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education$64,58066,200-1.6%Bachelor's degree
Biological Technicians$52,0009,100+3.5%Bachelor's degree
Natural Sciences Managers$161,1808,500+3.7%Bachelor's degree
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary$83,4605,400+7.3%Doctoral or professional degree
Biological Scientists, All Other$93,3304,800+1.2%Bachelor's degree
Food Science Technicians$49,4303,200+4.8%Associate's degree
Agricultural Technicians$46,7902,900+4.3%Associate's degree
Forensic Science Technicians$67,4402,900+12.8%Bachelor's degree
Life Scientists, All Other$87,800400+3.7%Bachelor's degree

Crosswalk: U.S. Department of Education (NCES), CIP 2020 to SOC 2018. Pay, openings and projections: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024 wages, Employment Projections). 9 of these 9 occupations report a median wage.

“Most entrants hold” is what BLS observes about people already working in the occupation. It is not a legal requirement, not an admission rule, and not a guarantee of entry. Studying Biology does not guarantee any specific occupation, and many of these roles are entered from several different fields. Projected openings are a projection, not jobs promised.

Before you commit to a Biology major

CampusPin does not rank programs. Use these prompts to pressure-test whether a specific Biology program fits your goals, they are decision questions, not claims about any school.

Ask the Biology department

  • Which concentrations or specializations are offered, and which faculty lead them?
  • What does the typical course sequence look like, and how much is required vs. elective?
  • What labs, studios, clinical placements, or research opportunities are available to undergraduates?
  • Is there a capstone, thesis, internship, or co-op requirement?

Ask current students & check the curriculum

  • How heavy is the workload, and how accessible is the faculty?
  • What internships or co-ops did you do, and where do recent graduates end up?
  • Does the required curriculum actually match the careers listed above?
  • How easy is it to add a minor, double major, or switch tracks later?
Accreditation & licensure: Most Biology programs are covered by their institution's regional accreditation; specialized programmatic accreditation is less common in this field. Confirm any field-specific accreditation or licensure that matters for your goals.
Degree level & graduate study: Many Biology careers are open with a bachelor's degree, but some, such as research, advanced-practice, or licensure-track roles, require a master's or doctorate. Check the typical entry-level education on each linked career page above before assuming a bachelor's is enough.

Find a Biology program

CampusPin lists U.S. universities and community colleges by state, tuition, school size, acceptance rate, and campus setting, no account required.

Colleges that awarded the most Biology credentials

Largest by credentials conferred in 2024-25. This measures the size of the graduating class, not quality, and it is not a ranking.

Based on credentials this institution reported conferring in the federal IPEDS completions collection for 2024-25. It confirms the field was awarded that year, not that the program currently accepts students, and it covers only the fields CampusPin tracks. Confirm current offerings with the institution.

Every Biology program with its own CampusPin page

319 programs in 49 states, A to Z by state and then by college. Each page gives what the program's graduates earned four years after finishing, what they borrowed in federal loans, the monthly payment, and how the program compares with others in its state and the nation. The figure beside each college is the median for its largest credential with at least 30 graduates (U.S. Department of Education, College Scorecard, 2017-19 graduates, measured 2022-23). The list is alphabetical; it is not a ranking.

Biology programs in Alabama, 6 programs
Biology programs in Arizona, 3 programs
Biology programs in Arkansas, 3 programs
Biology programs in California, 30 programs
Biology programs in Colorado, 7 programs
Biology programs in Connecticut, 4 programs
Biology programs in Delaware, 1 program
Biology programs in District of Columbia, 1 program
Biology programs in Florida, 12 programs
Biology programs in Georgia, 11 programs
Biology programs in Hawaii, 1 program
Biology programs in Idaho, 2 programs
Biology programs in Illinois, 12 programs
Biology programs in Indiana, 4 programs
Biology programs in Iowa, 4 programs
Biology programs in Kansas, 2 programs
Biology programs in Kentucky, 5 programs
Biology programs in Louisiana, 7 programs
Biology programs in Maine, 3 programs
Biology programs in Maryland, 7 programs
Biology programs in Massachusetts, 12 programs
Biology programs in Michigan, 11 programs
Biology programs in Minnesota, 7 programs
Biology programs in Mississippi, 4 programs
Biology programs in Missouri, 6 programs
Biology programs in Montana, 1 program
Biology programs in Nebraska, 2 programs
Biology programs in Nevada, 2 programs
Biology programs in New Hampshire, 1 program
Biology programs in New Jersey, 11 programs
Biology programs in New Mexico, 1 program
Biology programs in New York, 22 programs
Biology programs in North Carolina, 12 programs
Biology programs in North Dakota, 2 programs
Biology programs in Ohio, 11 programs
Biology programs in Oklahoma, 1 program
Biology programs in Oregon, 4 programs
Biology programs in Pennsylvania, 14 programs
Biology programs in Rhode Island, 1 program
Biology programs in South Carolina, 7 programs
Biology programs in South Dakota, 1 program
Biology programs in Tennessee, 6 programs
Biology programs in Texas, 26 programs
Biology programs in Utah, 2 programs
Biology programs in Vermont, 1 program
Biology programs in Virginia, 12 programs
Biology programs in Washington, 4 programs
Biology programs in West Virginia, 1 program
Biology programs in Wisconsin, 9 programs

Related majors

Still deciding between Biology and something else?

These guides put Biology side by side with the major it is most often confused with, using the federal CIP–SOC crosswalk to show where the two actually lead.

Put this major in context

The salary above is an occupation-wide median from federal data, not a starting wage or a guarantee. These CampusPin guides and reports help you read it well, see where a Biology degree can lead, and weigh it against cost and program quality.

How this guide is sourced

This is an editorial guide from the CampusPin Editorial Team. Career and wage figures are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, occupation-wide medians across all experience levels, not starting wages, and link to each career page. Program availability comes from CampusPin's free institution search; CampusPin does not assert that any specific school offers this exact major until that program data is verified. Last reviewed 2026-06-15. How CampusPin sources data · Report a correction.